A General Survey of Sanskrit Words in English Language

I have made an attempt to explore derivation of Sanskrit words into English and their assimilation in dictionaries namely Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, 7^Th edition, the new International Webster’s Comprehensive Dictionary of the English Language.

English is a dynamic lively language. Because of its dynamism and ability to encompass changes of time and needs of its language community, it has become the richest language and literature in the world. The expansion of British Empire to South East Asia brought English rulers and scholars in close contact with Indian culture, language and literature, philosophy and religion. During the imperialism the scholars and linguists of English language have derived the native words, language and literature of Sanskrit. With regard to the antiquity of Sanskrit language Bough in his book A History of the English Language writes: The oldest liberty texts preserved in any Indo- European language are the Vedas or scared book of India. These fall into four groups, the earliest of which, the Rig Veda. The language in which they are written is known as Sanskrit, or to distinguish it from a later form of the language, Vedic Sanskrit. From the above quotation it is reasonable to say that Sanskrit is regarded to be the most ancient language of the highly civilized people known as Aryan. It is also the parent language of most of the languages of the world. So naturally like other various languages of the world English language has also directly and indirectly derived abundant words and expressions from Sanskrit in the course of its development. I was pondering over this issue since few months to explore the derivation of Sanskrit and to analyze why and how they are derived and assimilated to English.

There are some words which today we hardly consider as being of Sanskrit origin. It is obvious that Sanskrit being the most ancient language of the world, many other languages have derived Sanskrit words. Some of them are presented below:

Aryan

Origin: Sanskrit ārya noble, belonging to an ancient people of northern India speaking an Indo-European dialect. First use: 1839

Atman

Origin: Sanskrit ātman, literally, breathe soul; akin to old English ǣthm breath. First use: 1785

Avatar

Origin: Sanskrit avatāraḥ descent, from avatarati he descends, from ava-away + tarati he crosses over- more at ukase, through. First use: 1784

Ayurveda

Origin: Sanskrit āyurvedaḥ, from āyuḥ life, vital power +vedaḥ knowledge. First use: 1788

Bhagavad Gita

Origin: Sanskrit Bhagavadgītā, literally, song of blessed one (Krishna). First use: circa 1785

Brahma: Origin Sanskrit Brahman. First use: 1960

Brahman

Origin: Middle English Bragman inhabitant of India, from Latin Bracmanus, from Greek  Brachman, from Sanskrit brāhmaṇa of the Bhraman caste, from Brahman Brahman. First use: 15^th century

Buddha

Origin: Sanskrit, enlightened; akin to Sanskrit bodhi enlightenment- more at bid. First use: 1861

Devanagari

Origin: Sanskrit devanāgarī, from deva divine + nāgarī (writing) of the city- more at deity. First use: 1781

Dharma

Origin: Sanskrit; akin to Latin firmus firm. First use: 1796

Guru

Origin: Ultimately from Sanskrit guru, from guru, adjective, heavy, venerable- more at grieve. First use: 1613

Hare Krishna

Origin: from Hare Krishna, phrase in a chant, from Hindi hare kṛṣṇa O Krishna!. First use: 1969

Jungle

Origin: Sanskrit from jaṅgala desert region. First use: 1776

Kali

Origin: Sanskrit Kālī. First use: 1798

Karma

Origin: Sanskrit karma fate, work. First use 1827

Kshatriya

Origin: Sankrit Kṣatriya, from kṣatra dominon- more at check. First use: 1794

Mahatma

Origin: Sanskrit mahātman, from mahātman great-souled, from mahat+ ātman soul. First use: 1923

Maharaja

Origin: Sanskrit, from mahat great +rājan raja; akin to Latin rex king. First use: 1968

Maharani

Origin: Sanskrit, from mahā great+ rānī rani. First use: circle 1855

Maharishi

Origin: Sanskrit maharṣi, from mahat  + ṛṣị, sage and poet. First use: 1785

Mahayana

Origin: Sanskrit mahāyāna, literally, great vehicle. First use: 1855

Prakrit

Origin: Sanskrit prākṛta, from prākṛta natural, vulgar. First: 1766

Purana

Origin: Sanskrit purāṇa, from purāṇa ancient, from purā formerly; akin to Sanskrit pura before, Greek para beside, pro before. First use: 1696

Raja

Origin: Sanskrit rājan king. First use: 1555

Rama

Origin: Sanskrit Rāma.  First use: 1819

Shakti

Origin: Sanskrit Śakti. First use: 1810

Sanskrit

Origin: Sankrit saṁskṛta, literally, perfected, from sam together +karoti he makes. First use: 1696

Shiva

Origin: Sanskrit Śiva. First use: 1788

Stupa

Origin: Sanskrit stūpa. First use: 1876

Sutra

Origin: Sanskrit sūtra percept, literally, thread; akin to Latin suere to sew. First use: 1801

Swami

Origin: Hindi svāmī, from Sanskrit svāmin owner, lord, from sva one’s own. First use: 1895

Upanishad

Origin: Sanskrit upaniṣad. First use: 1805

Varuna

Origin: Sanskrit Varuṇa.

                                           

Veda

Origin: Sanskrit, literally, knowledge; akin to Greek eidenai to know. First use: 1734

Vedanta

Origin: Sanskrit Vedānta, literally, end of the Veda, from Veda +anta end; akin to old English ende end. First use: 1788

Vedic

Origin: Sanskrit, of relating to the Vedas, the language in which they are written, or Hindu history and culture between 1500B.C. and 500B.C. First use: 1848

Vishnu

Origin: Sanskrit Viṣṇu. First use: 1638

Yoga

Origin: Sanskrit, literally, yoking, from yunakti he yokes; akin to Latin jungere to join. First use: 1820

Yogi

Origin: Sanskrit yogin, from yoga. First use: 1619

Yuga

Origin: Sanskrit, yoke, age. First use: 1784

Words related to Animals and Birds

Root Sanskrit words       Latin/ German       Old English/ Dutch/French       English

Gau                                   Couz (north G)          Kuo (OE)                                    Cow (182)

Uhika                                 Eule (G)                    Uil (D)                                         Owl (172)

Shukar                               Sus (L), Sau (G)          -                                                 Swine (162)

Gibri                                    Giraffa (Italian)          Giraff (F)                                  Giraffe (247)
Kukuta                                  Cocus (L)                   kok (OE)                                    Cock (230)

Markata                               Mono (Spanish)          Monno (Old Italian)                    Monkey (40)

Kapi                                     Afe (G)                         Apa (OE)                                    Ape (41)

Musha                                  Mus (L), Maus (G)       Muis (D)                                     Mouse (73)

Sanskrit language is at the base of every language and other languages are like the superstructures. The base is in the depth, very solid but invisible from outside. Its function is so valuable that it supports the huge visible superstructure. The existence of Sanskrit language is so divergent and manifold that it simultaneously exists in various languages of the five continents. The relationship between Sanskrit language and English language is like that of a mother and a child. English language should not forget this fact and it should show its due gratefulness to ancient Sanskrit language which has contributed a lot to enriching its vocabulary and embellishing the language.

 In this way the English language of today reflects many centuries of development. All the political and social events that happened in course of English history have profoundly affected and contributed to make English language what it is today. 

Movie Buff , that’s what they call me 

People are different. It’s so glaringly obvious that I feel that it needs to be stated because of how easy it is to forget it. I myself forget this regularly and end up setting up expectations, standards and views of people that aren’t really realistic for those people to achieve. And, sadly, I think this happens a lot when I try talking with film buffs because sometimes I just don’t get other film buffs.

A movie needs to be watched where it is most suitable to be fully experienced. And a theater provides the kind of immerse, palpable experience that no other mode can. In my case, the joy I experience when I catch a film in a theater fills the void of an absent social life. 

I don't read any reviews of a film before walking into it. It influences and mars the experience in a big way when one watches the film with a preconceived notion of what works in it and what doesn't. The only way to recognize a bad film is by unknowingly becoming a part of it. When one finally identifies with what elements work and do not work in a film, they can tell if a film will turn out to be emotionally and intellectually productive at first glance.

  

The point to all this is that I’ve begun to understand that while we may all call ourselves movie buffs, a lot of us have very different motivations for why and how we go about watching movies. It’s not simply that we love movies and that we watch them.  There’s more nuance to that and I think if we can begin to recognize the differences in those nuances, we’ll do a much better job of understanding one another. We’re all movie lovers in some form, but we all have different ways of expressing and exploring our love of films. It’s less about if you are more or less of a film buff than I am, it’s more about the essential question: of what kind of film buff are you?

And yes I am huge movie buff. Regular theater goer is bound to notice me. Whenever I have free time I head to watch movies.

Behind The Mask: Her Double Life in hunger

-Greed is not a financial issue. It's a heart issue!

I’d gladly settle for a false impression
if it would last a little longer, though

Why are you in this mess, now facing the prospect of covetousness? It's because the prevailing characteristic has been greed. People, stimulated situations, their dual natures, I must say that I confronted some month earlier but pinched me today. Anyone who has a continuous smile on his face conceals a toughness that is almost frightening. The truth is deeper than that. It has always seemed strange to me. It's like everyone tells a story about themselves inside their own head. Always! All the time! That story makes you what you are..................to be continued :) 

LOOK UP!

That must have been the life! Life was beautiful. Life was beautiful when a paper made airplane flies high then the other flying insects. Time is a funny thing. It has this way of wearing down memories until they are like the soft edges of an old photograph — I can still see us on that cloudy gray morning, laughing at nothing at all, but the image no longer cuts into me the way it once did. When we were child, we would never be at home. In those days we spent our leisure playing dandi biyo, kabaddi, chungi, guccha, baghchal. We would be out with our friends chasing after dragon flies and dandelions in a field of endless flowers, with joyous abandonment. We would be on our bicycles we would roam. We would build our own house, high up the trees. We used to be waiting eagerly for Saturday to come so that we could spend it on some parks and garden. Now the parks are so quiet, it is hard to see children outside, not even once in blue moon. There is no skipping, hopscotch, and marbles. The lively moments are captured inside a room when we open our computers and it’s our door of enjoyment with nature’s pleas we shut. We aren't experiencing life. We're losing moments with every tap. It's cheating, really. We may be physically present with our friends and loved ones but we're texting someone else... or checking a sports score... or tweeting... or reading.

It seems like on a day to day basis, we see human beings glued to their cells phones when they could be interacting with other humans. Hand in hand with the increase of a mobile phone’s technical functions, the mobile phone’s social and psychological functions also changed. Today, people have their mobile phones with them at all times and use them to organise and manage every moment of their lives, from work (using functions like the calendar, alarm clock, address book and clock) to free time (using the games, camera and video camera). A recent Internet trends reports by Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers suggested that the average person checks their smart phone 150 times a day. We text and Snap chat and Kik our friends. We Instagram what we eat and post where we are on Facebook -- and that's all before lunch. We’re so deep in it ourselves that our cell phone sits right next to our pillow in bed. We begin to get tinges of anxiety when our phone hits the dreaded 20 percent battery level. That little red icon on the upper right of a screen is our sworn enemy. This black hole of endless, unimportant streams of technology-enabled information is devouring everyone living in the 21st century. You are wandering down a busy thoroughfare, when your eyes fall upon people hovering around. They pull out their phone and start swiping a finger. I've noticed this lately. Generally, if someone is talking to another person stood next to them, it's at the average level of sound, yet as soon as their mobile goes off, they're into shouting mode and letting everyone know what the conversation is about? We’ve been noticing a trend more and more within our circle of friends and within our generation as a whole: We can't seem to get by without some sort of interaction with our phone. You are out to dinner with a friend, who leaves his phone on the table, face up, constantly checking it while you're eating. You began wondering if you are completely boring or if he was expecting a text from the Pope. Another friend couldn't watch a movie at home without checking his phone every 15 minutes or so. At concerts, we're seeing the concert through the lens of the camera app rather than experiencing it as it was meant to be experienced. We have friends whose faces we haven't seen in years because they're always looking down at their phone -- but we know the top of their head very well.

Relationships today are contaminated by technology. First of all, technology has changed the way we categorize each other. Different factors determine whether someone is considered a friend or foe. Do they follow you on Twitter? Did he comment the heart eye emoji on your selfie? Now, we have preconceived ideas about each other that can be made without actually even seeing each other in person. By putting people in these tightly-locked boxes, we are dumping each other down from actual human beings into remarks of 140 characters or less. We are reducing each other to statuses and numbers.

We now have the world at our fingertips whenever we want and wherever we might find ourselves. When we step away from the device of fantasy we awaken to see world of confusion. A world where’re slaves to the technology, is full of self-interest, self-image, self-promotion where we share all our best bits but leave out the emotions. We have many friends on social networking sites yet we are alone.  We live in a world where we continue to find ways to make it easier for us to connect with one another, but that result in us spending more time alone. As cell phones have become prevalent in modern society, some people have a significant issue with not being able to disengage from their cell phone. If the trend continues, young people will soon be incapable of forming and maintaining relationships without the help of a mobile. These are making it too easy to be anti-social and lazy! Mobile devices make us “socially isolated” because we no longer need to have face-to-face interactions, or even voice-to-voice. After all, when you can unload your chores with the swipe of a finger, it makes picking up the phone seem like hard work! People, yeah not how they were before the advent of smart phones. Nor the way they live up the moment as before. Of course, their ears are deaf to nature's pleas nowadays. The things they miss because you don't live in the moment. So look up from your phone, shut down the display and enjoy enticing warmth of the sun and delicate breeze around outside. Take in your surrounding and make the most of today.

We can live a happier and more compassionate world if we tune into ourselves and the people we are speaking with. The goal of mindfulness is to be in the moment, when you're doing something. Instead of letting your mind ruminates or compulsively checks your cell phone. Work on training your focus on what you're doing -- if you're eating just eat, try to taste everything. You will find the significance in things and recognize it; because that's something many people fail to do -- by falling into the technology trap. Escape the black hole of technology, because when you do....you feel free.

We challenge you to try this: Put down the phone. Put down the iPad. Be present and be in the moment for just one day. Enjoy the conversation of those that are physically with you -- those who have chosen to take time out of their lives and spend it with you. Watch an entire movie without checking your phone. Have a full conversation without glancing at a screen. Disconnect for just a moment. Dear readers, just look up. I’m up for the challenge...are you?

The Subconscious mind-A powerful tool for motivating students and building their positive attitude

By motivation we mean interest in doing something. It is a kind of internal driving force. It comes from a desire to succeed. It is often said to be the single biggest factor for the success of a student. A badly taught well-motivated student will probably do better than a well-taught poorly-motivated student. Motivation determines a student's level of attention, performance, pursuing objectives and getting success. Lucky are the students who are well-motivated in their study. Learners' motivation is of two kinds-intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is concerned with the factors inside the classroom. What takes place inside the classroom has great impact on students' success. Extrinsic motivation is no less important than the former. It is made up of factors outside the classroom and is concerned with things like attitude and experience.

Attitude is the perspective how we look at the things or how we think. Positive attitude is the mode of thinking positively and negative attitude is the mode of thinking negatively. A student with a positive attitude has thoughts like, 'I've a good memory', 'I'm confident', 'I can work hard', or 'I'm sure I'll be successful', whereas a student with a negative attitude has the reverse thoughts like, 'I've a poor memory', 'I'm not confident', 'I can't work hard', or 'I don't think I'll be successful'. Factors like environment, education and experience largely determine a person's attitude. Knowingly or unknowingly some students acquire negative attitude. Can parents, teacher, doctors, shopkeepers or employers be good in their roles without positive attitude? No, of course not. The same is true of the students. Our students cannot be good students without a positive attitude. If a student has negative attitude towards education, naturally he is de-motivated to learn. Such students often blame others- parents, teachers, society, government, bad lucks- for their failures. Their negative thoughts and attitude affects them negatively. They lack motivation. They lose hope and self-confidence. They are attuned to finding fault and criticizing others. On the contrary, positive thoughts and attitude inspire and encourage students to move for action- that is motivation or a real driving force in their lives.

To sum up the ideas so far, attitude is the belief system. The most powerful motivation comes from our belief system. Our internal motivation is our drive and attitude. Students' attitude and motivation are closely connected with each other and they are the foundation of their success. Students to be successful must have positive attitude and a higher degree of motivation. However, lack of motivation and negative attitude of students are some of the major problems that the educators of modern time are facing. Therefore, it is a matter of great importance that all the students in general and having negative attitude and de-motivated ones in particular should be taught about the power of their subconscious mind and its use for self-motivation and building positive attitude.

Our subconscious mind is different from our conscious mind. They are merely two spheres of activity within one mind. Conscious mind has the ability to think and choose. We make our decision with our conscious mind. It can accept or reject. It is our rational mind. By using this faculty of thinking we analyze, interpret, argue, define and express our ideas, thoughts and reasons. Our subconscious mind is like a data bank or a storehouse whereas our conscious mind is feeder. It first supplies information, emotion into our subconscious mind through different channels- eyes, ears, actions and thoughts. Subconscious mind is producer. It produces what is once stored. It is not rational. It is like a garden. It does not care what we plant. It is neutral. If we plant good seeds we will have a good garden. Otherwise we will have a wild growth of weeds. Positive thoughts and negative thoughts cannot occupy our mind simultaneously. We have to choose either one or the other. Whatever we choose to put into our mind our subconscious will accept and our behavior will reflect accordingly. When we think with our conscious mind, we are planting seeds of thoughts is our garden of subconscious mind. Our input equals our output. When positively is in, positively will be out. So is the case with negatively. When students know the fact that our thoughts lead to actions, actions lead to habits, and habits form character and character leads to destiny, they will never form the habit of thinking in a negative way. This is the way we form our habits and they become permanent. In psychological term it is called a theory of conditioning. American psychologist Skinner first advanced this behaviorist theory. He argued that a human baby learns a language through a process of habit formation.

Our major concern here is how to make use of subconscious mind effectively in forming positive habits and thoughts and erasing bad habits and negative attitude of the students. One of the effective techniques that students can use for their above mentioned purpose is auto-suggestion or conditioning. It is a way to program our students' subconscious mind. Students make a phrase or a short effective sentence for an auto-suggestion. They keep or repeating it silently for 20 minutes at a fixed time of the day for at least 21 days. Success depends on the ability of our students to concentrate and repeat the process. Auto suggestion with visualization will be more effective. It must be positive and in the present tense. For example a student who is much worried about his poor memory power can make a phrase like- 'I've an excellent memory power'. He should repeat it for at least 21 days to 30 days. By programming one suggestion at a time a student can erase a few bad habits and negative thoughts in a few months. He will find the treasure house within him. By changing his thoughts he can change his destiny. Every academic institution must make its students familiar with this powerful practical technique. Only then we will see perfection in education.

Federalism in Nepal: How real it is or merely Propaganda???

Nepal is an independent country tucked between two Asian giants- China and India. It was divided into numerous kingdoms for a long time. In the late 18th century, Prithvi Narayan Shah, the then King of Gorkha (one of the small kingdoms of Nepal prior to its unification) conquered most of the Kingdoms and principalities to constitute them into what it is known present day Nepal. Since then Nepal remains a unitary state. The wind of Mass movement II has created a call for of new constitution. With great expectation from coming constitution a term ‘New Nepal’ has been a hot cake among Nepalese people and a banner for the political parties. One of the perilous promises that the political parties used was to turn Nepal into a Federal Republic knowingly and unknowingly. Federalism is a system based upon democratic rules and institutions in which the power to govern is shared between national and provincial/state governments, creating what is often called a federation. It has successfully worked in many countries like USA, India, Germany and many more. But does our context and condition match theirs’?

Let me begin with a few questions; Making sense of what’s actually happening in our country.

What is happening in the country today is not as much of as any drama-filled with clamoring characters echoing the tone of dissension. Country has been made a guinea pig to examine all sorts of political doctrines. Country had never been into this state of confusion and disarray as it is today shown immediate effects- resulted in bush-fire in very fabric of our society. Who among them have answers as to why there is unending trend of youth fleeting to Middle East countries for sake of nominal employment? Why there is dearth of internal growth in the country? Why there is frustration in common public and mostly the youths about their prospects? Where is the affordable access to health services and quality education for all, what action plans are there in place to make public transport in accident prone highways safer? What strong institution or law is there to put an end to impunity and corruption, why are politicians getting richer everyday irrespective where they come from be it from jungle, cave or from street? If every Nepali is the sufferer and when every Nepali wants to come out of it- how can so called single or multiple or whatever based federal state will be solution to this. Federalism or having of multiple states is not the solution of Nepal’s problem. Is Federalism panacea or magical in nature? Does it mean that when Federalism is established, Nepal will turn into another heaven? Is Nepal that much large? To see how federalism can become poison, the former Soviet Union is sufficient. The Soviets broke into 15 nations and there still exists the possibility of the emergence of more new nations from the already decimated Soviet empire. To be honest upfront, how on earth by provoking people on ground of ethnics and Communism help Nepal come out of the vicious cycle.

Nepal is heavily bestowed with natural beauty, climate, ethnicity and biodiversity what’s more it is known in the world as the land of Everest. The dangerous of all is the leaders chanting the same Mantra of Federalism where each indigenous group of people will have an autonomous republic. I don’t know what they have in their head, a step to bring strong communism or make a separate nation in their leadership. What I know is Nepal is a multi-ethnic nation where no group is in majority. According to the 2001 census of Nepal, there are 103 different ethnic groups in Nepal. They speak at least 90 different languages. Some of the ethnic groups are as small as 164 people. For example, according to the 2001 census of Nepal there are only 164 Kusundas in Nepal and these people are not anywhere else in the world. Different groups of people especially the ones demanding the autonomy are spread out throughout the nation. Therefore, introduction of Federalism or declaration of self governing regions based on ethnic groups will spell disaster for the whole country. It would not even benefit the group that is claiming autonomy. The ethnic groups such as Magars, Tharus, Tamangs, Newars, only constitute 7.14%, 6.75%, 5.64%, and 5.48% respectively. Moreover, these groups are not living in a particular locality. They are pretty much spread out throughout the country except the Tharus who mainly reside in the Terai belt. But to our great distress, each major caste/ethnicity has prejudices against another. The “madhesi’s” are referred to as “dhotis”, the bahun as “chor” who have ruined our country, and so on. If we divide this country by ethnicity, aren't we sowing deeper on the emotions of “us” and “them” instead using the rhetoric of “us”. 

One could also argue that this is already happening today at a national level where Bahun and Chettri communities are running the country. I have no-doubt about it, but to end this cycle we have the quota system where a percentage of seats are reserved just for the minorities. That is not to say that minorities cannot run for other seats; they just have an increased advantage and a guarantee because of this system. However, their inclusion also needs to happen on an economic and educational level. Breaking a country by ethnic states doesn't guarantee any of that. It only gives an elitist group within the same minority groups further power, whereas, integrating quotas in our education and empowerment programs may break the cycle. The thing that is at stake is there should eligible and competing candidates from any ethnic group in bureaucracy. To truly integrate them, perhaps introduce quotas in universities and schools (especially private schools), while focusing on empowerment activities for the minorities. Definitely, respect and dignity begins at the ground level when we educate our children at home. If we teach children to stop discriminating against each other, stop using derogatory words, there would be greater unity and peace, and perhaps the harmony that all of us want in Nepal.

My next big concern is strictly an economic one. What is going to happen to the supply of food/ materials when you create ethnic borders? Aren't people without a border with India going to suffer the most? Aren't industries going to suffer because of further taxation and new border policies? How is the domestic economy going to compete with the international market? Also, those ethnic states with borders touching India are going to benefit the most economically, while the rest will be left in jeopardy.

Going further into history, what about the example of Bosnia and Rwanda. Have we forgotten the genocide and ethnic cleansing in both these countries? Both wars happened as a result of ethnic conflicts, and the sights aren't pretty even today. My fear with ethnic federalism is that it will lead to a backlash. Once the states are divided by ethnicity, what guarantee is there that other ethnic groups can live in the same place in peace? Also, a friend of mine recently pointed towards another danger - of favoritism. When a particular ethnic group runs local bodies, wouldn't they favor the same ethnic group to take over and run business, politics and society for that matter? My friend gave me an example of Nigeria where Muslim Nigerians and Christian Nigerians are still struggling with such divisions.

Initially ethnic federalism was a Maoist agenda. I am worried about ethnic federalism because this seems like a Maoist strategy to keep their powers and win the next elections- "satta kabza" as they say in Nepali. Nepal is a small country which can be managed even without federalism if the power is decentralized in the true sense. Nepal is divided into 5 Development Regions, 14 Administrative zones and 75 districts. The 14 administrative zones are grouped into five development regions. These development regions can well serve the principles of federal states if the power is wisely transferred to them. The development regions can manage among others promoting and protecting the cultures, traditions and other important issues of the ethnic units that fall under their responsibilities. Federalism is a costly system. Now we have a central parliament and central cabinet. In a federal system, there will be a parliament and cabinet in all the provincial states and this system will definitely put a burden on the national exchequer.

In the name of identity, we are focusing on a lesser identity while ignoring our greater and more important identity (the land of Everest, birth place of Lord Buddha, and the mighty place having collections of temples, stupas and chaityas) as previously Hindu nation tag was removed. I am gonna lay my view on this regard on my upcoming article. Thus, instead of adopting federal structure, decentralization and a system of strong and effective local self- governance would serve Nepal better.

Disclaimer:

I also want to make it clear that I am not against giving ethnic groups indigenous recognition. Yes, every minority group should get equal rights (obviously!!) but I don’t think ethnic federalism is the right way to go about it. I also understand the idea of “preservation of culture” but don’t think forcing people to celebrate festivals and be a part of an identity through ethnic federalism is the right way to go about it. In fact, I see it as an infringement to people’s private spaces and the whole idea seems rather un-democratic. The promotion of cultural activities can be done in non-ethnic based states as well. Everyone is free to do musicals, dances, food-festivals etc. I am in fact very proud of the diversity in our country. 

फ्याउरेलाइ मार्दा स्यालको कराइ

v भावनामा पहिरो गएपछि जुनसुकै बेला मनको बाँध फुट्न सक्छ, आखिर डुबानमा पर्ने एमालेनै हो |

वहाँ वहाँ शर्मा ज्यु पुवाक्क मुख खोल्यौ ।

चरी मार्दा माननिय ज्यु किन यत्ती सारो रोयौ ।

कहाँ थियौ मानानिय ज्यु सारा सुनकोशी रुदा ।

किन गर्छौ घात कम्रेड चरी उडी जादा ।

चरी मार्दा सम्सद मा हङ्गामा नै लियायौ ।

सयौ जनता पुरिदा नि कम्रेड कानमा तेल लायौ ।

सुन्छु कतै माननिय ज्यु अस्पातालमा सिसा फुटे अरे ।

माननियकै आशिर्बाद मा धादिङ बन्द भो रे।

हजुर कै अशिबाद मा चरी शहिद पो हुने भो रे ।

एमालेको राजनिती पनि बुझिनशक्नुको छ बा। आफ्नै पर्टिको ग्रिहमन्त्री छ अनि उसकै जिल्लास्तरिय नेता, दिनेश अधिकारी (जो कुख्यात अपराधि हो) लाई पुलिशले दोहोरो भिडन्तमा मारिदिन्छ फेरि एमालेकै सभाशदले घटनाको बिरोधमा संशद अबरुद्द गर्छन यो कस्तो राजनिती? पाण्डेजिले आफ्नै पार्टिका बरिस्ट उपाध्यक्ष ले समेत चरी जबाफी कारबाहीमा मारिएका हुन् भन्दा समेत नपत्याएर संसद अबरुद्द गरिरहेर संसदीय मर्यार्दाको खिल्ली उडाएका छन् । किनकि चरीको अबसान संगै उनको राजनीतिक भबिस्य पनि संकट मा परेको छ । उनलाई राम्ररी थाहा छ हिजो २०६४ सालको संबिधान सभाको चुनाबमा सालिकराम जम्मरकटेलले उनलाई गाउँ छिर्नै नदिएर हराएका थिए । पछिल्लो चुनाबमा भने चरीको सहायतामा उनले कट्टेललाई परास्त गरे ।अब फेरी अर्का राजनीतिक डन यिनै जम्मरकटेल हाबी हुने त्रास छ उनमा | जे भयो धेरै पहिले हुनु पर्ने कुरा हो, पार्टीको आड लिएर जनतामा त्रास उत्पन्न गराउनेलाई सजाय त दिने पर्थो, फेरी सभासद पाण्डेलाई जनताले भोट दिएर सभासद भाको कि चरीले? जनताको लागि सदनमा आको कि चरीको लागि? किन चरीको लागि यति धेरै वकालत? यी पाण्डे जीले सिन्धुपाल्चोक पहिरो पीडितको बारेमा यसरी उफ्री उफ्री कराएका भए जनताको कति तालि पाउँथे होला |

के चरी प्रकरणमा एमाले सामु नैतिक प्रश्न छैन? प्रहरीको मोस्ट वाण्टेड सूचीमा चढेका व्यक्तिलाई पार्टी सदस्यता दिन मिल्छ? उल्टै उनलाई क्षेत्रीय समितिको उपाध्यक्ष बनाउन संकोच हुन्न? एमालेले चरी मात्रै होइन नेपाल प्रहरीको मोस्ट वाण्टेड सूचीमा रहेका अर्का गुण्डा रमेश बाहुनलाई पनि गत संविधानसभा निर्वाचनमा आफ्नो पार्टीमा प्रवेश गराएको थियो। गुण्डाका सवालमा पार्टीहरुले न्यूनतम  सामाजिक मर्यादा र कानुनी शासनको पालना गरेका छैनन्। गुण्डालाई छहारी दिने मामिलामा उनीहरु पूरै निशंकोच देखिएका छन्। बास्तवमा नेताहरुलाई चरीलाई मारेकोमा चिन्ता होईन, चरीले गुण्डा गर्दी गरेर आफुलाई कमिशन पाउने मुहान बन्द भएकोमा चिन्ता हो |

मेरो देश नेपालमा राजाको पुरै परिवार मारिये कस्ले मार्यो किन मार्यो थाहा भयेन। मदन भन्डारी मारिये कस्ले किन मारे पतै भयेन । आज ऐउटा गुन्डा देशको कलङ्क लाई पुलिस ले ईन्काउन्टर गर्दा येत्रो हङ्गामा। जनताहरु सुन्दै छौ होलानि नेताको धारणा यस्ता धेरैको ईन्काउन्टर गर्नुछ अझै नेपालमा । देशको सिमा मिचियेकोछ त्यस्मा छान्बिन हुदैन। बिदेशमा नेपाली मारियेका छन तेस्मा छान्बिन हुदैन। आज ऐउटा अपराधि जनतालाई धम्कयाउने जनतालाई दुख दिने सोजा सिदा जनतालाई अपहरण चन्दा असुल हत्या गर्ने अपराधि मारिदा हाम्रो नेताको चित दुखेको छ । छान्बिनको माग गरेको छन पुलिसलाई पुरस्क्रित गर्नुको सटा। ( तिमी हामीले भोट दिऐका नेता हरुको नियत बिस्तारै बाहिर आउदैछ ) देशमा प्रक्रितीक प्रोकोप आको छ सयौ मनिस मरे हजारौ बिस्तापित भये यस घटनाले साम्सद मा हङ्गामा भयेन आज अपरधि मारिदा साम्सद भबन मा हङ्गामा भयोरे हाम्रो नेपाल मा।धिकार छ राष्ट घाति नेता हरु तिमीहरु लाई |

मोदिको प्रवचनले एमाले नेताहरुलाई उल्टो असर परेजस्तो छ ! 'ऋषीमन'भनेको 'पर्शुराम ऋषीमन' भन्ने बुझेछन् कि क्या हो ?